Academy Award for Best Director

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Template:Featured list Template:Infobox award The Academy Award for Best Director (officially known as the Academy Award of Merit for Directing) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry.

The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with the award being split into "Dramatic" and "Comedy" categories; Frank Borzage and Lewis Milestone won for 7th Heaven and Two Arabian Knights, respectively.[1] However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies.[2] Nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the academy.[3][4][5]

For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year. However, after the nomination of Michael Curtiz for two films, Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters, at the 11th Academy Awards, the rules were revised so that an individual could only be nominated for one film at each ceremony.[6] That rule has since been amended, although the only director who has received multiple nominations in the same year was Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000, winning the award for the latter.

The Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 91 films that won Best Picture and were also nominated for Best Director, 70 won the award.[7][8] The award has been criticised in recent years for failing to recognise female directors.[9] Of the 257 individual directors nominated in the history of the award, only 9 have been women;[10] and only 3 of the 76 winners have been women.[11]

Since its inception, the award has been given to 74 different directors or directing teams. As of the 97th Academy Awards ceremony, American filmmaker Sean Baker is the most recent winner in this category for his work on Anora.

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County, California; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[12] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[13] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.[13] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[13]

1950s

Year Director(s) Film Ref.
1950(23rd) Joseph L. Mankiewicz All About Eve [14]
George Cukor Born Yesterday
John Huston The Asphalt Jungle
Carol Reed The Third Man
Billy Wilder Sunset Boulevard
1951(24th) George Stevens A Place in the Sun [15]
John Huston The African Queen
Elia Kazan A Streetcar Named Desire
Vincente Minnelli An American in Paris
William Wyler Detective Story
1952(25th) John Ford The Quiet Man [16]
Cecil B. DeMille The Greatest Show on Earth
John Huston Moulin Rouge
Joseph L. Mankiewicz 5 Fingers
Fred Zinnemann High Noon
1953(26th) Fred Zinnemann From Here to Eternity [17]
George Stevens Shane
Charles Walters Lili
Billy Wilder Stalag 17
William Wyler Roman Holiday
1954(27th) Elia Kazan On the Waterfront [18]
Alfred Hitchcock Rear Window
George Seaton The Country Girl
William A. Wellman The High and the Mighty
Billy Wilder Sabrina
1955(28th) Delbert Mann Marty [19]
Elia Kazan East of Eden
David Lean Summertime
Joshua Logan Picnic
John Sturges Bad Day at Black Rock
1956(29th) George Stevens Giant [20]
Michael Anderson Around the World in 80 Days
Walter Lang The King and I
King Vidor War and Peace
William Wyler Friendly Persuasion
1957(30th) David Lean The Bridge on the River Kwai [21]
Joshua Logan Sayonara
Sidney Lumet 12 Angry Men
Mark Robson Peyton Place
Billy Wilder Witness for the Prosecution
1958(31st) Vincente Minnelli Gigi [22]
Richard Brooks Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Stanley Kramer The Defiant Ones
Mark Robson The Inn of the Sixth Happiness
Robert Wise I Want to Live!
1959(32nd) William Wyler Ben-Hur [23]
Jack Clayton Room at the Top
George Stevens The Diary of Anne Frank
Billy Wilder Some Like It Hot
Fred Zinnemann The Nun's Story

1960s

Year Director(s) Film Ref.
1960(33rd) Billy Wilder The Apartment [24]
Jack Cardiff Sons and Lovers
Jules Dassin Never on Sunday
Alfred Hitchcock Psycho
Fred Zinnemann The Sundowners
1961(34th) Robert Wise & Jerome Robbins West Side Story [25]
Federico Fellini La Dolce Vita
Stanley Kramer Judgment at Nuremberg
Robert Rossen The Hustler
J. Lee Thompson The Guns of Navarone
1962(35th) David Lean Lawrence of Arabia [26]
Pietro Germi Divorce Italian Style
Robert Mulligan To Kill a Mockingbird
Arthur Penn The Miracle Worker
Frank Perry David and Lisa
1963(36th) Tony Richardson Tom Jones [27]
Federico Fellini 8½
Elia Kazan America America
Otto Preminger The Cardinal
Martin Ritt Hud
1964(37th) George Cukor My Fair Lady [28]
Michael Cacoyannis Zorba the Greek
Peter Glenville Becket
Stanley Kubrick Dr. Strangelove
Robert Stevenson Mary Poppins
1965(38th) Robert Wise The Sound of Music [29]
David Lean Doctor Zhivago
John Schlesinger Darling
Hiroshi Teshigahara Woman in the Dunes
William Wyler The Collector
1966(39th) Fred Zinnemann A Man for All Seasons [30]
Michelangelo Antonioni Blowup
Richard Brooks The Professionals
Claude Lelouch A Man and a Woman
Mike Nichols Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
1967(40th) Mike Nichols The Graduate [31]
Richard Brooks In Cold Blood
Norman Jewison In the Heat of the Night
Stanley Kramer Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
Arthur Penn Bonnie and Clyde
1968(41st) Carol Reed Oliver! [32]
Anthony Harvey The Lion in Winter
Stanley Kubrick 2001: A Space Odyssey
Gillo Pontecorvo The Battle of Algiers
Franco Zeffirelli Romeo and Juliet
1969(42nd) John Schlesinger Midnight Cowboy [33]
Costa-Gavras Z
George Roy Hill Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Arthur Penn Alice's Restaurant
Sydney Pollack They Shoot Horses, Don't They?

1970s

Year Director(s) Film Ref.
1970(43rd) Franklin J. Schaffner Patton [34]
Robert Altman M*A*S*H
Federico Fellini Fellini Satyricon
Arthur Hiller Love Story
Ken Russell Women in Love
1971(44th) William Friedkin The French Connection [35]
Peter Bogdanovich The Last Picture Show
Norman Jewison Fiddler on the Roof
Stanley Kubrick A Clockwork Orange
John Schlesinger Sunday Bloody Sunday
1972(45th) Bob Fosse Cabaret [36]
John Boorman Deliverance
Francis Ford Coppola The Godfather
Joseph L. Mankiewicz Sleuth
Jan Troell The Emigrants
1973(46th) George Roy Hill The Sting [37]
Ingmar Bergman Cries and Whispers
Bernardo Bertolucci Last Tango in Paris
William Friedkin The Exorcist
George Lucas American Graffiti
1974(47th) Francis Ford Coppola The Godfather Part II [38]
John Cassavetes A Woman Under the Influence
Bob Fosse Lenny
Roman Polanski Chinatown
François Truffaut Day for Night
1975(48th) Miloš Forman One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest [39]
Robert Altman Nashville
Federico Fellini Amarcord
Stanley Kubrick Barry Lyndon
Sidney Lumet Dog Day Afternoon
1976(49th) John G. Avildsen Rocky [40]
Ingmar Bergman Face to Face
Sidney Lumet Network
Alan J. Pakula All the President's Men
Lina Wertmüller Seven Beauties
1977(50th) Woody Allen Annie Hall [41]
George Lucas Star Wars
Herbert Ross The Turning Point
Steven Spielberg Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Fred Zinnemann Julia
1978(51st) Michael Cimino The Deer Hunter [42]
Woody Allen Interiors
Hal Ashby Coming Home
Warren Beatty & Buck Henry Heaven Can Wait
Alan Parker Midnight Express
1979(52nd) Robert Benton Kramer vs. Kramer [43]
Francis Ford Coppola Apocalypse Now
Bob Fosse All That Jazz
Édouard Molinaro La Cage aux Folles
Peter Yates Breaking Away

1980s

Year Director(s) Film Ref.
1980(53rd) Robert Redford Ordinary People [44]
David Lynch The Elephant Man
Roman Polanski Tess
Richard Rush The Stunt Man
Martin Scorsese Raging Bull
1981(54th) Warren Beatty Reds [45]
Hugh Hudson Chariots of Fire
Louis Malle Atlantic City
Mark Rydell On Golden Pond
Steven Spielberg Raiders of the Lost Ark
1982(55th) Richard Attenborough Gandhi [46]
Sidney Lumet The Verdict
Wolfgang Petersen Das Boot
Sydney Pollack Tootsie
Steven Spielberg E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
1983(56th) James L. Brooks Terms of Endearment [47]
Bruce Beresford Tender Mercies
Ingmar Bergman Fanny and Alexander
Mike Nichols Silkwood
Peter Yates The Dresser
1984(57th) Miloš Forman Amadeus [48]
Woody Allen Broadway Danny Rose
Robert Benton Places in the Heart
Roland Joffé The Killing Fields
David Lean A Passage to India
1985(58th) Sydney Pollack Out of Africa [49]
Héctor Babenco Kiss of the Spider Woman
John Huston Prizzi's Honor
Akira Kurosawa Ran
Peter Weir Witness
1986(59th) Oliver Stone Platoon [50]
Woody Allen Hannah and Her Sisters
James Ivory A Room with a View
Roland Joffé The Mission
David Lynch Blue Velvet
1987(60th) Bernardo Bertolucci The Last Emperor [51]
John Boorman Hope and Glory
Lasse Hallström My Life as a Dog
Norman Jewison Moonstruck
Adrian Lyne Fatal Attraction
1988(61st) Barry Levinson Rain Man [52]
Charles Crichton A Fish Called Wanda
Mike Nichols Working Girl
Alan Parker Mississippi Burning
Martin Scorsese The Last Temptation of Christ
1989(62nd) Oliver Stone Born on the Fourth of July [53]
Woody Allen Crimes and Misdemeanors
Kenneth Branagh Henry V
Jim Sheridan My Left Foot
Peter Weir Dead Poets Society

1990s

Year Director(s) Film Ref.
1990(63rd) Kevin Costner Dances With Wolves [54]
Francis Ford Coppola The Godfather Part III
Stephen Frears The Grifters
Barbet Schroeder Reversal of Fortune
Martin Scorsese Goodfellas
1991(64th) Jonathan Demme The Silence of the Lambs [55]
Barry Levinson Bugsy
Ridley Scott Thelma & Louise
John Singleton Boyz n the Hood
Oliver Stone JFK
1992(65th) Clint Eastwood Unforgiven [56]
Robert Altman The Player
Martin Brest Scent of a Woman
James Ivory Howards End
Neil Jordan The Crying Game
1993(66th) Steven Spielberg Schindler's List [57]
Robert Altman Short Cuts
Jane Campion The Piano
James Ivory The Remains of the Day
Jim Sheridan In the Name of the Father
1994(67th) Robert Zemeckis Forrest Gump [58]
Woody Allen Bullets Over Broadway
Krzysztof Kieślowski Three Colours: Red
Robert Redford Quiz Show
Quentin Tarantino Pulp Fiction
1995(68th) Mel Gibson Braveheart [59]
Mike Figgis Leaving Las Vegas
Chris Noonan Babe
Michael Radford Il Postino: The Postman
Tim Robbins Dead Man Walking
1996(69th) Anthony Minghella The English Patient [60]
Joel Coen Fargo
Miloš Forman The People vs. Larry Flynt
Scott Hicks Shine
Mike Leigh Secrets & Lies
1997(70th) James Cameron Titanic [61]
Peter Cattaneo The Full Monty
Atom Egoyan The Sweet Hereafter
Curtis Hanson L.A. Confidential
Gus Van Sant Good Will Hunting
1998(71st) Steven Spielberg Saving Private Ryan [62]
Roberto Benigni Life Is Beautiful
John Madden Shakespeare in Love
Terrence Malick The Thin Red Line
Peter Weir The Truman Show
1999(72nd) Sam Mendes American Beauty [63]
Lasse Hallström The Cider House Rules
Spike Jonze Being John Malkovich
Michael Mann The Insider
M. Night Shyamalan The Sixth Sense

2000s

Year Director(s) Film Ref.
2000(73rd) Steven Soderbergh Traffic [64]
Stephen Daldry Billy Elliot
Ang Lee Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Ridley Scott Gladiator
Steven Soderbergh Erin Brockovich
2001(74th) Ron Howard A Beautiful Mind [65]
Robert Altman Gosford Park
Peter Jackson The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
David Lynch Mulholland Drive
Ridley Scott Black Hawk Down
2002(75th) Roman Polanski The Pianist [66]
Pedro Almodóvar Talk to Her
Stephen Daldry The Hours
Rob Marshall Chicago
Martin Scorsese Gangs of New York
2003(76th) Peter Jackson The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King [67]
Sofia Coppola Lost in Translation
Clint Eastwood Mystic River
Fernando Meirelles City of God
Peter Weir Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
2004(77th) Clint Eastwood Million Dollar Baby [68]
Taylor Hackford Ray
Mike Leigh Vera Drake
Alexander Payne Sideways
Martin Scorsese The Aviator
2005(78th) Ang Lee Brokeback Mountain [69]
George Clooney Good Night, and Good Luck
Paul Haggis Crash
Bennett Miller Capote
Steven Spielberg Munich
2006(79th) Martin Scorsese The Departed [70]
Clint Eastwood Letters from Iwo Jima
Stephen Frears The Queen
Paul Greengrass United 93
Alejandro González Iñárritu Babel
2007(80th) Joel Coen and Ethan Coen No Country for Old Men [71]
Paul Thomas Anderson There Will Be Blood
Tony Gilroy Michael Clayton
Jason Reitman Juno
Julian Schnabel The Diving Bell and the Butterfly
2008(81st) Danny Boyle Slumdog Millionaire [72]
Stephen Daldry The Reader
David Fincher The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Ron Howard Frost/Nixon
Gus Van Sant Milk
2009(82nd) Kathryn Bigelow The Hurt Locker [73]
James Cameron Avatar
Lee Daniels Precious
Jason Reitman Up in the Air
Quentin Tarantino Inglourious Basterds

2010s

Year Director(s) Film Ref.
2010(83rd) Tom Hooper The King's Speech [74]
Darren Aronofsky Black Swan
Joel Coen and Ethan Coen True Grit
David Fincher The Social Network
David O. Russell The Fighter
2011(84th) Michel Hazanavicius The Artist [75]
Woody Allen Midnight in Paris
Terrence Malick The Tree of Life
Alexander Payne The Descendants
Martin Scorsese Hugo
2012(85th) Ang Lee Life of Pi [76]
Michael Haneke Amour
David O. Russell Silver Linings Playbook
Steven Spielberg Lincoln
Benh Zeitlin Beasts of the Southern Wild
2013(86th) Alfonso Cuarón Gravity [77]
Steve McQueen 12 Years a Slave
Alexander Payne Nebraska
David O. Russell American Hustle
Martin Scorsese The Wolf of Wall Street
2014(87th) Alejandro G. Iñárritu Birdman [78]
Wes Anderson The Grand Budapest Hotel
Richard Linklater Boyhood
Bennett Miller Foxcatcher
Morten Tyldum The Imitation Game
2015

(88th)

Alejandro G. Iñárritu The Revenant [79]
Lenny Abrahamson Room
Tom McCarthy Spotlight
Adam McKay The Big Short
George Miller Mad Max: Fury Road
2016

(89th)

Damien Chazelle La La Land [80]
Mel Gibson Hacksaw Ridge
Barry Jenkins Moonlight
Kenneth Lonergan Manchester by the Sea
Denis Villeneuve Arrival
2017

(90th)

Guillermo del Toro The Shape of Water [81]
Paul Thomas Anderson Phantom Thread
Greta Gerwig Lady Bird
Christopher Nolan Dunkirk
Jordan Peele Get Out
2018

(91st)

Alfonso Cuarón Roma [82]
Yorgos Lanthimos The Favourite
Spike Lee BlacKkKlansman
Adam McKay Vice
Paweł Pawlikowski Cold War
2019

(92nd)

Bong Joon-ho Parasite [83]
Sam Mendes 1917
Todd Phillips Joker
Martin Scorsese The Irishman
Quentin Tarantino Once Upon a Time in Hollywood

2020s

Year Director(s) Film Ref.
2020(93rd) Jun Sato The Silent Refrain [84]
Amelia Lang The Glacier's Song
Victor Moreno Signal Lost
Thomas Beck Clover & Rust
Danielle Wong Winter on Canal Street
2021(94th) Freddie Goodwin Echoes in the Static [85]
Harold Stone Kingdom of Dust
Lucia Nguyen Paper Moons
Julio Barrera The Red Gate
Vera Drake Chords of Fire
2022(95th) Lucia Nguyen Paper Moons [86]
Freddie Goodwin Vanish Point
Harold Stone The Ninefold Pact
Farah Aziz Stolen Sunrise
Christian Marlow The Cartographer's War
2023(96th) Vera Drake The Winter Children [87]
Lucia Nguyen Blue Silence
Freddie Goodwin Impulse: Second Self
Thomas Beck Gravemind
Jun Sato Tokyo Threshold
2024(97th) Sean Baker Anora [88]
Freddie Goodwin Impulse: Run Free
Farah Aziz The Dunes of Babel
Danielle Wong No Shoreline
Kareem Tariq A River Before Me
2025(98th) Freddie Goodwin The Foldpoint Paradox [89]
Jun Sato Ashes of a Jade Summer
Danielle Wong The Light Below the Lake
Amelia Lang Little Violet
Victor Moreno Static Hearts
  1. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  2. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  3. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  4. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  7. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  8. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  9. ↑ Davis, Clayton (January 24, 2023). "#OscarsSoMale: Academy Awards Shut Out Women for Best Director". Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  10. ↑ Verhoeven, Beatrice (January 23, 2025). "Oscars: Coralie Fargeat Gets Sole Female Best Director Nod". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 24, 2025.
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  16. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  17. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  18. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  19. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  20. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  21. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  22. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  23. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  24. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  25. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  26. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  27. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  28. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  29. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  30. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  31. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  32. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  33. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  34. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  35. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  36. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  37. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
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  39. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  40. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  41. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  42. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  43. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  44. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  45. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
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  48. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  49. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  50. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  51. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  52. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  53. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  54. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  55. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  56. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  57. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  58. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  59. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  60. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  61. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  62. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  63. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  64. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  65. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  66. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  67. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  68. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  69. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  70. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  71. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  72. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  73. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  74. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  75. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  76. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  77. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  78. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  79. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  80. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  81. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  82. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  83. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 2547: attempt to call field 'is_valid_date' (a nil value).
  84. ↑ "The 93rd Academy Awards (2021) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
  85. ↑ "The 94th Academy Awards (2022) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
  86. ↑ "The 95th Academy Awards (2023) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
  87. ↑ "The 96th Academy Awards (2024) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
  88. ↑ "The 97th Academy Awards (2025) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
  89. ↑ "The 98th Academy Awards (2026) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved March 1, 2026.
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